What is two spirit?

Two-Spirit Identity

Two-spirit (also known as ayékwéw in some Indigenous communities) is a pan-Indigenous term used by some Indigenous North Americans to describe individuals who embody both masculine and feminine spirits. It is a cultural and spiritual identity, not simply a term for gender identity or sexual orientation.

• Understanding the Term: The term "two-spirit" was created in 1990 during the third annual intertribal gathering of gay and lesbian Native Americans. It was meant to replace the anthropological term "berdache," which was seen as colonial and pejorative.

• Cultural Significance: Two-spirit people often held (and still hold) respected positions within their communities, serving as healers, counselors, ceremonial leaders, and mediators. Their roles varied significantly across different tribes and nations. It is important to consult with specific tribes and First Nations to learn the local language terms and meanings of this identity.

• Diversity of Roles: The specific roles and responsibilities of two-spirit individuals were diverse and varied, but these often included:

  • Performing tasks associated with both genders (https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/Performing%20tasks%20associated%20with%20both%20genders)
  • Having specialized knowledge and skills (https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/Having%20specialized%20knowledge%20and%20skills)
  • Acting as spiritual intermediaries (https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/Acting%20as%20spiritual%20intermediaries)

• Impact of Colonization: European colonization had a devastating impact on two-spirit people and their cultures. Missionaries and colonial governments actively suppressed traditional Indigenous practices, including two-spirit identities. This led to a decline in the visibility and acceptance of two-spirit people in many communities. (https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/Impact%20of%20Colonization)

• Reclaiming Identity: In recent decades, there has been a resurgence of two-spirit identity and culture, with many individuals working to reclaim their heritage and advocate for their rights and recognition. (https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/Reclaiming%20Identity)

• Respect and Understanding: It is crucial to approach the topic of two-spirit identity with respect and cultural sensitivity. Avoid making assumptions about an individual's gender identity, sexual orientation, or spiritual beliefs. Learning about the specific traditions and protocols of the relevant Indigenous nation or community is essential. (https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/Respect%20and%20Understanding)